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Paranoia or 'Paranoid personality disorder' is characterized by a distrust of others and a constant suspicion that people around you have sinister motives. The person with a
Paranoid Personality Disorder essentially has an ongoing, baseless suspiciousness and distrust of people in their proximity. Paranoia is a term used by mental health specialists to describe suspiciousness (or mistrust) that is either highly exaggerated or not warranted at all. People with
paranoid disorder tend to have excessive trust in their own knowledge and abilities and usually avoid close relationships with others. They
used to search for 'hidden meanings' in everything and
often habitual to read hostile intentions into the actions of others. They are quick to challenge the loyalties of friends and loved ones and often appears cold and distant to others. They usually
tend to shift blame on others and carry long grudges for
others. Paranoia can be mild and the affected person may function fairly well in society, or it can be so severe that the individual is incapacitated. Because some paranoid features accompany many psychiatric disorders.
General characteristics of paranoid personalities:
Suspicion about others motive: An unmistakable sign of paranoia is continual mistrust like the world as a
most threatening place. They tend to confirm their expectations by latching on to any speck of evidence that supports their suspicions and ignore or misinterpret any evidence to the contrary. They are ever watchful and may look around for signs of a threat. They always suspect that others are exploiting,
blackmailing or deceiving them, and others may not be loyal or trustworthy, believe there are threats or attacks on their character in innocent statements that others do not
imagine. They bear persistent grudges and continue to expect trickery and to doubt the loyalty of others. In a personal relationship or marriage, this suspiciousness may take the form of unrealistic jealousy.
Hypersensitive behavior:
Because persons with paranoid personality disorder are hyper alert, they notice any slight and may take offense where none is intended. As a result, they tend to be defensive and antagonistic. When they are at fault, they cannot accept blame, not even mild criticism. Yet they are highly
serious of others.
Cold and Aloof:
In addition to being argumentative and uncompromising, the people with
paranoid personality disorder are often emotionally cut off from other people. They appear cold and, in fact, often avoid becoming intimate with others. They pride themselves on their rationality and objectivity. People with a paranoid outlook on life rarely come forward to seek help. Many presumably function competently in society. They may seek out social niches in which a moralistic and punitive style is acceptable, or at least tolerated to a certain degree.
Delusional Behavior:
Paranoids tend to be presence in a persistent, non-bizarre delusion without symptoms of any other mental disorder. Delusions are firmly held beliefs that are untrue, not shared by others in the culture, and not easily modifiable. Five delusional themes are frequently seen in paranoids. In some individuals, more than one of them is present.
The most common delusion in delusional disorder is that of persecution. While persons with paranoid personality might suspect their colleagues of joking at their expense, persons with delusional disorder may suspect others of participating in elaborate master plots to persecute them. They believe that they are being poisoned, drugged, spied upon, or are the targets of conspiracies to ruin their reputations or even to kill them. They sometimes engage in litigation in an attempt to redress imagined injustices.
Another theme seen frequently is that of delusional jealousy. Any sign -- even a meaningless spot on clothing, or a short delay in arriving home -- is summoned up as evidence that a spouse is being unfaithful.
Erotic delusions are based on the belief that someone of higher status or a well-known public figure romantically loves them. Individuals with erotic delusions often harass famous persons through numerous letters, telephone calls, visits, and stealthy surveillance.
Persons with grandiose delusions often feel that they have been endowed with special powers and that, if allowed to exercise these powers, they could cure diseases, banish poverty, ensure world peace, or perform other extraordinary feats.
Individuals with somatic delusions are convinced that there is something very wrong with their bodies -- that they emit foul odors, have bugs crawling in or on their bodies, or are misshapen and ugly. Because of these delusions, they tend to avoid the society of other people and spend much time consulting physicians for their imagined condition.
Whether or not persons with delusional disorder are dangerous to others has not been systematically investigated, however delusional patients are commonly angry people, and thus they are perceived as threatening. In the rare instances when individuals with delusional disorder do become violent, their victims are usually people who unwittingly fit into their delusional scheme. The person in most danger from an individual with delusional disorder is a spouse or lover.
Causes of Paranoia:
Genetic Contribution:
To certain extent it is believed that heredity is responsible in causing
paranoia.
Biochemistry:
Certain drugs used is treating mental disorders with antipsychotic drugs has led scientists to look for the origins of severe mental disorders in abnormal brain chemistry may cause
paranoia. Abuse of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, PCP, LSD, or other stimulants or "psychedelic" compounds may lead to symptoms of paranoid thinking or behavior.
Stress:
Some scientists believe paranoia may be a reaction to high levels of life stress. Lending support to this opinion is the evidence that paranoia is more prevalent among immigrants, prisoners of war, and others undergoing severe stress. Sometimes, when thrust into a new and highly stressful situation, people suffer an acute form -- called "acute paranoia" -- in which delusions develop over a short period of time and last only a few months.
Paranoid people's mistrustfulness makes treatment of the condition difficult. Rarely will they talk casually in an interview. They are suspicious of the kind of open-ended questions many therapists rely on to learn about the patient's history (for example, "Tell me about your relationships with your co-workers."). They may try to avoid hospitalization and drugs, fearing a loss of control or other real or imagined dangers.
Treatment with appropriate antipsychotic drugs may help the paranoid patient overcome some symptoms. Although the patient's functioning may be improved, the paranoid symptoms often remain intact. Paranoid patients receiving medication must be closely monitored. Their fearfulness and persecutory delusions often lead them to refuse or sabotage treatment -- for example, by holding the drug in their cheek until they are alone and then spitting it out.
Paranoia Or Paranoid personality Disorder and Negative emotions co-relation.
Often
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